The answer to 'types of hardscaping' is that hardscaping refers to the non-living elements of a landscape design, such as patios, walkways, retaining walls, fountains, and other structures. Hardscaping provides functional and aesthetic elements to a landscape, complementing the softscaping (plants and greenery).
Common types of hardscaping include paved surfaces like brick, stone, or concrete patios and walkways; retaining walls made of natural stone, concrete, or interlocking pavers; water features like fountains, ponds, and streams; and built structures like pergolas, arbors, and trellises. Hardscaping can be used to define outdoor living spaces, control erosion, add visual interest, and enhance the overall landscape design.