The answer to 'how does hardscaping work' is hardscaping refers to the non-living, structural elements of a landscape design. Hardscaping includes things like patios, walkways, retaining walls, fountains, and other built features. These elements are typically made from durable materials like stone, brick, concrete, or metal.
Hardscaping serves both functional and aesthetic purposes in a landscape. Patios and walkways provide usable outdoor living spaces, while retaining walls help manage changes in elevation. Fountains, sculptures, and other decorative features add visual interest and enhance the overall design. Hardscaping is often used in combination with softscaping elements like plants, trees, and flowers to create a cohesive, balanced landscape.