The answer to 'how to fix recessed lighting' is to first identify the issue, such as a burned-out bulb, loose fixture, or wiring problem. Once the problem is diagnosed, you can take steps to safely repair the lighting.
Start by turning off the power to the recessed lights at the circuit breaker. Then, carefully remove the trim ring or bezel to access the fixture. Check for any loose connections or damaged wiring, and make repairs as needed. If the bulb is burned out, replace it with a compatible LED or halogen bulb. For more complex issues, it's best to consult a licensed electrician.