The answer to 'how does toilet work' is a toilet uses water pressure and gravity to flush waste and refill the bowl. When you flush the toilet, a flush valve opens and allows water from the tank to rapidly enter the bowl, creating a siphon that pulls the waste down the drain. The flush also refills the tank with fresh water for the next flush.
The key components of a toilet include the tank, which holds the water, the flush valve that controls the flow, the bowl that collects the waste, and the siphon that removes it. There is also a fill valve that refills the tank after each flush. The toilet uses a simple but effective design to efficiently remove waste using water pressure and the force of gravity.