The answer to 'air filter short cycling' is that a clogged or dirty air filter is one of the most common causes. When the air filter becomes restricted, it can cause the HVAC system to short cycle - turning on and off more frequently than normal. This can lead to increased energy usage, uneven temperatures, and potential damage to the system over time.
Other common causes of short cycling include a malfunctioning thermostat, problems with the blower motor or fan, or issues with the compressor or refrigerant levels. In some cases, short cycling can also be a symptom of a more serious problem like a refrigerant leak or a failing component.