The answer to 'types of air conditioner' is that there are several main types of air conditioning systems for homes. The most common types are central air conditioners, window units, and ductless mini-split systems.
Central air conditioners are the most popular type, with an outdoor compressor/condenser unit and indoor air handling unit connected by refrigerant lines. They provide cooling throughout the entire home through a system of ducts. Window units are self-contained units that are installed in a window and only cool the room they are in. Ductless mini-splits have an outdoor compressor and one or more indoor air handling units, allowing them to cool specific rooms without needing ductwork.